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    Sarcophagus of Seti I

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    One of the Museum's most renowned treasures is the sarcophagus of the Egyptian Pharaoh Seti I.

    Located in the Sepulchral Chamber in the basement of Sir John Soane’s Museum, this vast sarcophagus was built to entomb the Egyptian Pharaoh Seti I (died 1279 BC). Seti I ruled Egypt at a time when it was an important military power; his son, Ramesses II, is famed for his great military victories against the Hittite Empire. Upon his death, Seti I was interred in a lavish tomb in the Valley of the Kings, within which this sarcophagus, containing his coffin and mummy, was originally housed.

    Image: Heiroglyphs incised into the pearly alabaster of the sarcophagus

    The sarcophagus is carved from alabaster, a pearly translucent stone that was highly valued by the Egyptians. Across its surface, both inside and outside, are carved in hieroglyphs an Egyptian text known today as the Book of the Gates, a series of spells and rituals that the dead pharaoh would need to safely pass through the underworld and reach the afterlife. Inside, across the bottom of the sarcophagus, is the elegantly-drawn figure of Nut, goddess of the sky, whose role was to guide and protect the dead. Read a full description of the sarcoph

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    Object biography #12: A exacting shabti break into King Seti I (Acc. no. 13906)

    Acc. no. 13906. © Glenn Janes

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    Seti I

    Egyptian pharaoh

    Menmaatre Seti I (or Sethos I in Greek) was the second pharaoh of the Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt during the New Kingdom period, ruling c. 1294 or 1290 BC to 1279 BC.[4][5] He was the son of Ramesses I and Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II.

    The name 'Seti' means "of Set", which indicates that he was consecrated to the god Set (also termed "Sutekh" or "Seth"). As with most pharaohs, Seti had several names. Upon his ascension, he took the prenomen "mn-m3't-r' ", usually vocalized in Egyptian as Menmaatre (Established is the Justice of Re).[3] His better known nomen, or birth name, is transliterated as "sty mry-n-ptḥ" or Sety Merenptah, meaning "Man of Set, beloved of Ptah". Manetho incorrectly considered him to be the founder of the 19th Dynasty, and gave him a reign length of 55 years, though no evidence has ever been found for so long a reign.

    Reign

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    Background

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    After the enormous social upheavals generated by Akhenaten's religious reform, Horemheb, Ramesses I and Seti I's main priority was to re-establish order in the kingdom and to reaffirm Egypt's sovereignty over Canaan and Syria, which had been compromised by the increasing external pressures from the Hittite state. Seti,

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